Among the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are oncogene synthesis and expression, upregulation of cyclooxygenase, accelerated cell replication,...

The preimplantation human conceptus would be destroyed by an attack by the mother’s immune system, as half of its contents come from its father. Instead, the conceptus temporarily increases its production of prostaglandin E2, which, when elevated, becomes a powerful immunosuppressant, to ward off the attack. In the absence of this mechanism, reproduction would be impossible....